George Mason  6-16-1788: Who are the MILITIA? They consist NOW of the "WHOLE PEOPLE"..." See quotes and source link regarding MILITIAS at bottom of this page.

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Educate Yourself to the Constitution as it is correctly defined by the Founders in the Ratifying Conventions; Then Educate Others!


                                                                                TAXES

AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE FROM THE AMERICAN PATRIOT PARTY ON TAXATION:

DO NOT BE TAKEN IN BY NEW TAX SCHEMES - SUCH AS THE NATIONAL FLAT TAX OR FAIRTAX;

DO NOT LET OLD TAX SCHEMES SUCH AS THE INCOME TAX REMAIN.

THE INCOME TAX:

The INCOME TAX is not unconstitutional because it was, or was not, Ratified by enough states (as often surmised);

The INCOME TAX IS "UNCONSTITUTIONAL" "BECAUSE" IT IS A EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED "ARROGATION" OF POWER - OUTSIDE THE LIMITED DELEGATED POWERS GRANTED.

THIS TYPE OF TAX "CANNOT BE RATIFIED" BY THE STATES TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION AND ARROGATE A POWER "NO WHERE INTENDED" UPON THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

Changing the "LIMITED" power of "ENUMERATED" taxation which is a DELEGATED POWER,

into a "UNLIMITED" "UN-ENUMERATED" form of taxation OUTSIDE the DELEGATED POWER, is an ARROGATION OF POWER. It is a "NEW POWER", EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED.



READ WHERE THE FOUNDERS SAY THIS: Virginia Ratifying Convention 6-16-1788

PATRICK HENRY (WARNS): "...I conjure you once more to remember the admonition of that sage man who told you that, "when you give power,  you know not what you give". I know the absolute necessity of an energetic government. But is it consistent with any principle of prudence or good policy to grant unlimited, unbounded authority, which is so totally unnecessary that gentlemen say it will "never be exercised"? But gentlemen say that we must make experiments. A wonderful and unheard-of experiment it will be, to give "unlimited power unnecessarily"! ..." "...The experience of the world teaches me the jeopardy of giving enormous power. Strike this clause out of the form of the government, and how will it stand? Congress will still have power, by the sweeping (supremacy) clause , to make laws within that {438} place and the strongholds, independently of the local authority of the state. I ask you, if this clause be struck out, whether the sweeping clause will not enable them to protect themselves from insult. If you grant them these powers, you destroy "every degree of responsibility". They will fully screen them from justice, and preclude the possibility of punishing  them. No instance can be given of such a wanton grasp of power as an exclusive  legislation "in all cases whatever"."


EDMUND PENDLETON: "...I understand that (Supremacy - Sweeping) clause as NOT going a "SINGLE STEP BEYOND" the "DELEGATED powers" (APP: i.e. THE POWER IS LIMITED TO THE DELEGATED POWERS AND THESE CAN NEVER BE CHANGED - THIS IS WHAT MAKES US A REPUBLIC UNDER A "ORIGINAL COMPACT"). What can it act upon? Some power given by "THIS" Constitution. If they should be about to pass a law in consequence of this clause, they must pursue some of the "DELEGATED powers", but can by "NO MEANS" DEPART from them,  (N)OR "ARROGATE" "ANY NEW" powers; for the PLAIN LANGUAGE of the clause is, to give them power to pass laws in order to give "effect" to the "DELEGATED" powers"."

GEORGE NICHOLAS: "...If I understand it right, NO "NEW" power can be exercised."

JAMES MADISON: "....The honorable member (PATRICK HENRY) asks,  Why ask for this power, and if the subsequent clause be not fully competent  for the same purpose. If so, WHAT NEW TERRORS can arise from this particular  clause? It is only a superfluity. If that "LATITUDE" of "CONSTRUCTION" which he contends for were to take place with respect to the "sweeping clause", there "WOULD" be room for those HORRORS.    But it gives "NO" supplementary power. It only enables them to execute the "DELEGATED powers".

"IF" the "DELEGATION" (SET LIMITATIONS) of their powers be "SAFE" (UNCORRUPTED FROM THEIR ORIGINAL INTENT AND FORM), no possible inconvenience can arise from this clause. It is at most "BUT" explanatory...."

GEORGE NICHOLAS: The gentleman last up (PATRICK HENRY) says that the power of legislation includes every thing. A general power of legislation does. But this is a "special power" of legislation. Therefore, it does "NOT contain that plenitude of power which he imagines. They (The Federal Government, Executive, Federal Legislative and Federal Supreme Court) "CANNOT LEGISLATE" in "ANY case" but those "PARTICULARLY ENUMERATED" (DELEGATED).

APP: The Ratifying and AMENDMENT PROCESSES of the Constitution were established to make changes "WITHIN" the DELEGATED powers; These processes were to limit and correct unnecessary power and only WITHIN the DELEGATED powers; These processes were NEVER MEANT to ARROGATE "NEW" POWERS upon the federal government at the will of the state or federal representatives outside of the very limited DELEGATED powers.




                                                                                                                        DANGER!



                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NATIONAL "FLAT TAX"
                                           AND "FAIRTAX" "DECEPTION"



A NATIONAL "FLAT TAX" OR THE "FAIRTAX" WILL ENSLAVE YOU FURTHER;

ATTEMPTS ARE BEING MADE TO DECEIVE YOU BY NATIONAL CORPORATE / UNION MEDIA.

Mark Levin and other talk show hosts (including RAND Paul - Flat Tax) are promoting the FairTax and or Flat Tax. DO NOT BE FOOLED! Like the Income Tax, these are UNENUMERATED tax schemes. Worse yet, these tax schemes invite the federal government into your state to define "WHAT IS AND WHAT IS NOT A BUSINESS"! Using this reasoning will allow the FairTax and Flat Tax to invite and "shoehorn" the federal government right into your home and computer; This is as everything, including your person and labor, will be considered "a business"; opening everyone and everything to be scrutinized by the NEW JOINT Federal / State Hybrid form of the IRS Created by the FAIRTAX and FLAT TAX Systems. The FairTax and Flat Tax systems are BUY, SELL and TRADE TAXES. They further do not get rid of the IRS, they simply change the name to a far more dangerous and invasive bureaucracy. They simply insure that the waste in government continue; Both tax schemes are like the income tax, they use jealousy to sell you into deeper slavery.

The people that are promoting these unconstitutional tax systems are also stating they are for obeying the Constitution. This is clear deception.

Remember - RAND PAUL IS NOT RON PAUL;

RON PAUL as with other true Constitutionalists understand the limitation of the Constitution and want to get rid of the IRS and Income tax and replace them with NOTHING!

This will change everything to the BETTER.

Mark Levin, Sean Hannity, Glenn Beck (all promoting the same corporate message), RAND PAUL and other republicans and democrats, as well as special interests such as FREEDOMWORKS, all want to maintain the flow of FLAT PERCENTAGE  UN-ENUMERATED TAX MONEY to the federal government by simply changing the FORM of the IRS. (Even though they "preach" differently).

The FairTax and Flat Tax "Tax Schemes" will CHANGE NOTHING; But they will in fact make things WORSE;

This is because it will give "more invasive power" to the federal government and "tighter grip" over your "local and state laws"!

You will jump from the frying pan into the FIRE!

Every gain in other areas against a tyrannical government will mean "NOTHING"; --- "UNLESS" the tyrannical grip upon the "purse strings" are "pried from their fingers"; and the power is returned to the states and local communities so that their CONSENT must be granted to an "ENUMERATED" TAX, "BEFORE" it is directed to be collected - as originally established in the Constitution.

Anything less, will allow the tyrannical government to finance and shield itself from necessary change which will return us to true representative government as the Founders intended.

For more, read our Opposition Issues Page.

Let these talk show hosts and representatives know that this is NOT THE WAY!    

BE RELENTLESS!  

YOU AND THEY - ARE BEING SET UP FOR A FALL!

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LET US REVIEW THE FACTS:

The Original Constitution was written to safeguard against such corruption and abuse of power. All taxation had to be ENUMERATED BEFORE CONSENSUALLY being collected, it was also derived from imports, collected simply from viewing the finished product; so your business affairs, income and papers were private:

COMPARE:

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Original Constitution:

Article 1 Section 9: "No Capitation, or OTHER direct, Tax shall be laid, "UNLESS" in "Proportion to the Census or "ENUMERATION" herein "BEFORE" directed to be taken. "

....This allows you the time and means to grant your "CONSENT" before it is "taken".

-------

Amended Constitution:

Amendment XVI: "The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and "WITHOUT REGARD" to any census of "ENUMERATION"."
 

Can you SEE THE NECESSITY of ENUMERATED TAXATION!!!  ...The Founders did!!    

SEE THE ARROGATED POWER?! 

SUCH "UN-ENUMERATED" "FLAT PERCENTAGE" TAXATION TAKEN CONTROL OF FIRST, WHERE CONSENT IS NEAR IMPOSSIBLE TO BE OF ANY EFFECT, CAN "NEVER" BE "CONSTITUTIONAL";

AND "RATIFYING" SUCH TAXATION, CAN NEVER BE MADE TO "AMEND" THE CONSTITUTION.

NO MATTER HOW MANY STATES "RATIFY IT"!.

NO MATTER WHAT YOU NAME IT.

-------

If the federal government stayed within their delegated powers, funding the necessary expenditures and paying the national debt and national defense would be easy.

Force the federal government stay within the limited DELEGATED powers; Force them by not funding them to be wasteful, manipulative and tyrannical;

Stop paying for your own enslavement and destruction.

Stop allowing State born Exclusive Privileges; Get Unions, Corporations and Tax Supported Special Interests out of Government.

Remove ALL Lobbyists from Washington DC. Limit them to your states where they must confront the local citizens of the state and not manipulate our state representatives in our national government in places far distant from the citizens that are most effected by any legislation.

Reduce the size of states so that there is adequate representation and not the manipulative government which occurs from "Distant Legislatures";

"NULLIFICATION" is "the proper remedy" when delegated powers have been exceeded.

See Thomas Jefferson shows us this "BY EXAMPLE" Kentucky Resolutions only a page and a half - CLICK AND READ IT!

See also our Segment "Republics and Representation".

-------

"REMOVE THE INCOME TAX" and REPLACE IT WITH "NOTHING" - "MAKE" THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT "OBEY THE CONSTITUTION" AS IT WAS "FIRST WRITTEN"!


SAY "NO" TO ANY NEW TAX SCHEME!


TAKING MONEY WITHOUT CONSENT IS OUTSIDE OF OUR LAWS; IT IS TYRANNY, THEFT AND CRIME.


"NULLIFICATION" "FORCES THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OBEY YOUR CONSENT" - USE IT. 


ENFORCE THE RIGHT BY ENGAGING THE STATE AND COUNTY LAWS AND LOCAL JUDICIAL / POLICE FORCE.


-------

Declaration of Independence

The 17th Grievance Defining TYRANNY in Government:

17.) For imposing taxes on us "WITHOUT" "OUR" "CONSENT";

------

Taking money in a FLAT PERCENT FIRST, by ANY METHOD (income, sales etc.),

Then deciding how "they" (the government) will spend your money later, when there is "LITTLE or NO MEANS to say NO";

Can in "NO MEANS" be considered "consent".


------

Learn More on our "APP Opposition Issues Page"!

Review also The Constitutional "A" Tax!

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Here are some defining words from the Founders:

Enjoy and Educate Others!



Lessons of our Founders:





LIMITS ON FEDERAL POWER

 Thomas Jefferson, letter to William Johnson, June 12, 1823, The Complete Jefferson, p. 322.

"...On every question of "CONSTRUCTION", let us carry ourselves back to the time when the Constitution was adopted, recollect the spirit manifested 
in the DEBATES (i.e. THE RATIFYING CONVENTIONS), and instead of trying what meaning may be squeezed out of the text, or invented against it, 
conform to the "probable one" in which it was passed". "

---------------------

FBI, CIA, ATF, ICE etc. All are policing OUTSIDE the 10 miles Square of Washington, DC;

Many gentlemen, whom I respect, take different sides of this question. We wish this amendment to be introduced, to remove our apprehensions.There was a clause in the Confederation reserving to the states respectively every power, jurisdiction, and right, not expressly delegated to the United States. This clause has never been complained of, but approved by all Why not, then, have a similar clause in this Constitution, in which it is the more indispensably necessary than in the Confederation, because of the great augmentation of power vested in the former? In my humble apprehension, unless there be some such clear and finite expression, this clause now under consideration will go to any thing our rulers may think proper. Unless there be some express declaration that every thing not given is retained, it will be carried to any power Congress may please.

Mr. GEORGE NICHOLAS,  in reply to the gentlemen opposed to the clause under debate, went over the  same grounds, and developed the same principles, which Mr. Pendleton and Mr. Madison had done. The opposers of the {443} clause, which gave the power of providing for the general welfare, supposed its dangers to result from its connection with, and extension of, the powers granted in the other clauses.  He endeavored to show the committee that it only empowered Congress to make  such laws as would be necessary to enable them to pay the public debts and  provide for the common defence;

>that this "GENERAL WELFARE" was united, "NOT" to "the general power of legislation",

but to the >PARTICULAR power> of laying and collecting taxes, imposts, and excises,

for the "PURPOSE" of paying the DEBTS and providing for the "COMMON DEFENCE",

that is, that they could raise (APP: ONLY) AS "MUCH" money as would pay the "DEBTS" and provide for the "COMMON DEFENCE",

in "CONSEQUENCE OF THIS POWER".

The clause which was affectedly called the sweeping (SUPREMACY) clause contained "NO new grant of power".

To illustrate this position, he observed that, if it had been added at the end of every one of the enumerated powers, instead of being inserted at the end of all, it would be obvious to any one that it was "NO" augmentation of power. If, for instance, at the end of the clause granting power to lay and collect taxes, it had been added that they should have power to make necessary and proper laws to lay and collect taxes, who could suspect it to be an addition of power?

As it would grant "NO" new power if inserted at the end of each clause, it could not when subjoined to the whole.

TYRANNY DEFINED BY JOHN LOCKE'S 2ND TREATISE ON CIVIL GOVERNMENT:
http://www.americanpatriotparty.cc/Locke_Civil_Government/locke_civil_government.html

JOHN LOCKE: 141. Fourthly. The legislative CANNOT transfer the power of making laws to ANY other hands, for it being but a delegated power from the people, they who have it CANNOT pass it over to OTHERS.

JOHN LOCKE: 151: "...But yet it is to be observed that though oaths of allegiance and fealty are taken to him (The Executive), it is NOT to him as supreme legislator, but as supreme executor of the law made by a joint power of him with others, >>> allegiance being nothing but an obedience according to law, which, when he VIOLATES, he has "NO right to obedience", nor can claim it otherwise than as the public person vested with the power of the law, and so is to be considered as the image, phantom, or representative of the commonwealth, acted by the will of the society declared in its laws, and thus he has no will, no power, but that of the law. But when he quits this representation, this public will, and acts by his own private will, he DEGRADES HIMSELF, and is but a single private person WITHOUT POWER and without will; the members owing NO OBEDIENCE but to the public will of the society (i.e. LAW OF THE CONSTITUTION).

JOHN LOCKE: 155: "It may be demanded here, what if the executive power, being possessed of the force of the commonwealth, shall make use of that force to hinder the meeting and acting of the legislative, when the original constitution or the public exigencies require it? I say, using force upon the people, without authority, and CONTRARY TO THE TRUST (i.e. LIMITS SET DOWN BY THE CONSTITUTION) put in him that does so, >>>is a "STATE OF WAR WITH THE PEOPLE", who have a right to reinstate their legislative in the exercise of their power. For having erected a legislative with an intent they should exercise the power of making laws, either at certain set times, or when there is need of it, when they are hindered by any force from what is so necessary to the society, and wherein the safety and preservation of the people consists, the people have a "RIGHT TO REMOVE IT BY FORCE". In all states and conditions the true remedy of force "WITHOUT AUTHORITY" is to "OPPOSE FORCE TO IT". The use of force "WITHOUT AUTHORITY" always puts him that uses it into a "STATE OF WAR" as the AGGRESSOR, and renders him liable to be "TREATED ACCORDINGLY"

JOHN LOCKE: 201. "It is a mistake to think this fault is proper only to monarchies. Other forms of government are liable to it as well as that; for WHEREVER the power that is put in any hands for the government of the people and the preservation of their PROPERTIES is applied to OTHER ENDS, and made use of to IMPOVERISH, HARASS, or to SUBDUE THEM to the arbitrary and irregular commands of those that have it, THERE IT PRESENTLY BECOMES TYRANNY, ..."

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RIGHT OF CITIZENS TO IMPORT, CONCEAL & BEAR MILITARY ARMS

RIGHT OF CIVILIAN POWER RATIO 25 to 1 OVER US MILITARY

Here is what you need to know about your NATURAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT with regard to "FIREARMS" and CIVILIAN "POWER":

President George Washington - First Annual Message to Congress, January 8, 1790:

"...Among the many interesting objects which will engage your attention, that of providing for the common defence will merit particular regard. To be prepared for war, is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.

A "free PEOPLE" (ARMS EVERYWHERE) ought NOT ONLY to be ARMED, but disciplined; to which end, a uniform and well digested plan is requisite: and "their" safety and interest "REQUIRE that they (the PEOPLE) should promote such manufactories" as tend to render "them" (THE "PEOPLE" - ALL PEOPLE) "INDEPENDENT" of OTHERS

(ALL OTHERS - INCLUDING and ESPECIALLY GOVERNMENT - - - See Next)

for "ESSENTIAL", >>>>>>>>>>>>>>"PARTICULARLY" for >>>>>>>>>>>>"MILITARY" "SUPPLIES"."

--------------------

President George Washington presented his mistrust in the federal government very clearly and defined the true intent where the powers should lay, and that is in the hands of the CIVILIANS.

 In response to a proposal for gun registration:


George Washington in 1790 said: 

"..."Absolutely not. If the "PEOPLE are armed" and the "federalists" (FEDERAL GOVERNMENT) "DO NOT KNOW WHERE THE ARMS ARE", there can NEVER be an "oppressive government."

--------------------

The RIGHT to CONCEAL from the "STATE" AS WELL AS "FEDERAL" government;

The purpose clearly derived in George Washington's statement to have the power to "PUT DOWN BY USE OF ARMED FORCE" an OPPRESSIVE "FEDERAL" "OR STATE" government.

-------------------

This is clearly in line with the 12th Grievance of the Declaration of Independence. This defines the Intent of the 2nd Amendment and the INTENT of the Founders.

  12th Grievance of the Declaration of Independence

(DEFINING TYRANNY):

"He (The EXECUTIVE / KING) has affected to render the military independent of and SUPERIOR to the CIVIL (CIVILIAN) "power"."

-------------------

Elbridge Gerry, a representative to Congress from Massachusetts during the debates over the Bill of Rights "What, Sir, is the use of a militia? It is to prevent the establishment of a standing army, the bane of liberty ... Whenever Governments mean to invade the rights and liberties of the people, they always attempt to destroy the militia, in order to raise an army upon their ruins."

-------------------

Which establishes a division between civilian MILITIA powers and Standing Military (ARMY), as this is a important establishment of those reasons given by the Founders.

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                                                                                             TRUE DEFINITION OF MILITIA
 

Let us review other words of James Madison with regards to militias and standing armies; The purpose and the POWER RATIO between them:

FEDERALIST #46 (Quote Paraphrase - see actual text bellow):


James Madison Author of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights:

"The HIGHEST NUMBER to which a "standing army" can be carried in "ANY COUNTRY" does NOT EXCEED one hundredth (1/100th) part of the souls, or one twenty-fifth (1/25th) part of the number ABLE to bear arms.

This portion would not yield, in the United States, an (STANDING ARMY) army of more than twenty-five or thirty thousand men.

To "THESE" would be "OPPOSED"  (APP: indicating that the "militia" is to be a "OPPOSING force" to the standing army as well as that of foreign enemies)

a (CITIZEN) MILITIA amounting to near half a million "CITIZENS" with ARMS in their "HANDS", "officered by men chosen from "AMONG THEMSELVES", (NOT by government or the standing army - This definition is a determiner of a TRUE MILITIA) fighting for "THEIR" (the CITIZEN / militia's) common liberties and united and conducted by government"S" possessing THEIR (the CITIZEN / militia's) affections and confidence.

It may well be doubted whether a militia thus circumstanced could ever be conquered by such a "proportion" (ratio in force) of regular troops (i.e. standing army). Besides the advantage of being armed, it forms a barrier against the "enterprises of ambition" (Foreign Interests, Corporations, Banks), more insurmountable than any which a simple government of any form can admit of.

The governments of Europe are afraid to trust the people with arms. If they did, the people would surely shake off the yoke of tyranny, as America did.

Let us not insult the free and gallant citizens of America with the suspicion that they would be less able to defend the rights of which they would be in actual possession than the debased subjects of arbitrary power would be to rescue theirs from the hands of their oppressors."

-----------

APP: The Actual Quote text below should arouse citizens greatest fears and prompt a call of alarm;

Though the words James Madison speaks, shows that he establishes the correct fact of the powers of the citizen militia and limitations of the standing army, James Madison lacked the understanding, which Patrick Henry in the Virginia Ratifying Convention 6-16-1788 (which see) clearly possessed with regard to power and corruption; 

The present danger correlating with what James Madison said could never happen - which in fact "has" happened, establishes an urgency that the counties and states whose representatives whom have not yet been corrupted or have not arrived at their present position in complete ignorance of their rights, duties and responsibilities, should now move to arm the citizens of all ages able to bear arms, to a 20 to 1 superior force to the standing army;

Those in the standing army, understanding their duty to the Constitution, should begin to relinquish their superiority and begin to transfer any and all their arms within the United States, not necessary to repel foreign invasion, to the Citizens and most local communities so that the balance of power be resumed; So to prevent themselves, and their families as well, from being enslaved; 

And to prepare with local CITIZEN MILITIAS, who are even more so responsible in their Duty as free Citizens to increase their powers, to repel a move by foreign, national and international manipulators of power to infiltrate and control the standing army against the foundations established in the Original Constitutions and Common Law Principles of freedom.

The fears James Madison disregards, in his optimism of the sure limitations instituted by "delegated" powers set in the "ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION" which were never to be exceeded, have become in fact a reality of today.

Review the actual Quote from Federalist #46 below, then prepare.

Each man is responsible for his own freedom:

-----------

Federalist #46: James Madison - Complete Quote Text ( http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa46.htm ): 

James Madison: "...The only refuge left for those who prophesy the downfall of the State governments is the visionary supposition that the federal government may previously accumulate a military force for the projects of ambition. The reasonings contained in these papers must have been employed to little purpose indeed, if it could be necessary now to disprove the reality of this danger. That the people and the States should, for a sufficient period of time, elect an uninterrupted succession of men ready to betray both;

that THE "TRAITORS" should, throughout this period, uniformly and systematically pursue some fixed plan for the extension of the military establishment;

that the governments and the people of the States should silently and patiently behold the gathering storm, and " continue to supply the materials", "until it should be prepared to burst on their own heads", must appear to every one more like the incoherent dreams of a delirious jealousy, or the misjudged exaggerations of a counterfeit zeal, than like the sober apprehensions of genuine patriotism. Extravagant as the supposition is, let it however be made. Let a regular army, fully equal to the resources of the country, be formed; and let it be entirely at the devotion of the federal government; still it would not be going too far to say, that the State governments, with the people on their side, would be able to repel the danger.

The highest number to which, according to the best computation, a standing army can be carried in any country, does not exceed one hundredth part of the whole number of souls; or one twenty-fifth part of the number able to bear arms. This proportion would not yield, in the United States, an army of more than twenty-five or thirty thousand men.

"TO THESE" (The United States Military) WOULD BE "OPPOSED" A (CITIZEN) "MILITIA" amounting to near half a million of "CITIZENS" with "ARMS IN THEIR HANDS", OFFICERED BY MEN CHOSEN FROM "AMONG THEMSELVES" (CHOSEN BY THE LOCAL CITIZEN'S - NOT MILITARY OR FEDERAL GOVERNMENT), fighting for their (THE CITIZEN'S) common liberties, and united and conducted by governments possessing their (THE CITIZEN MILITIA'S) affections and confidence.

It may well be doubted, whether a (CITIZEN) MILITIA "thus circumstanced" (25 to 1  ARMED POWER RATIO) could ever be conquered by such a (SMALL) proportion of "regular troops" (i.e. federal US ARMY, NAVY, AIR FORCE, MARINES).

Those who are best acquainted with the last successful resistance of this country against the British arms, will be most inclined to deny the possibility of it.

Besides the advantage of (THE CITIZENS) being armed, which the Americans (CITIZENS) possess over the people of almost every other nation, the existence of "subordinate governments", to which the people are attached, and by which the (CITIZEN) MILITIA officers are appointed (officered by men chosen among themselves), forms a barrier against the "enterprises of ambition", more insurmountable than any which a simple government of any form can admit of.

Notwithstanding the military establishments in the several kingdoms of Europe, which are carried as far as the public resources will bear, the governments are afraid to trust the people with arms. And it is not certain, that with this aid alone they would not be able to shake off their yokes.

But were the people to "possess" the additional advantages of "LOCAL" governments chosen by themselves, who could collect the national will and direct the national force, and of officers appointed out of the (CIVILIAN) militia, by these (LOCAL) governments, and attached both to them and to the (CITIZEN) MILITIA, it may be "affirmed with the greatest assurance", that the throne of "every tyranny in Europe" would be "speedily overturned" in spite of the legions which surround it.

Let us not insult the free and gallant citizens of America with the suspicion, that they would be less able to defend the rights of which they would be in "ACTUAL POSSESSION", than the "debased subjects of arbitrary power" would be to rescue theirs from the hands of their oppressors.

Let us rather no longer insult them with the supposition that they can ever reduce themselves to the necessity of making the experiment, by a blind and tame submission to the "long train of insidious measures which must precede and produce it"."


APP: This should alarm any US Citizen, as our present condition of Citizens NOT armed with a 25 to 1 superiority over our own standing army; and the fact that our "Citizen Militias" officered by men "chosen among themselves" do NOT exist in any number near this in military capability or armament, is CLEAR EVIDENCE that the "long train of insidious measures which must precede and produce it" have "ALREADY OCCURRED".




                                                   CITIZEN MILITIA


WHO ARE THE MILITIA?

Virginia Ratifying Convention 6-16-1788

Mr. GEORGE MASON. "Mr. Chairman, a worthy member has asked who are the militia, if they be not THE PEOPLE of this country, and if we are not to be protected from the fate of the Germans, Prussians, by "OUR" representation?

I ask, "Who are the MILITIA"? They consist NOW of the "WHOLE PEOPLE" (of each LOCAL COMMUNITY OR STATE), except a few public officers. But I cannot say who will be the militia of the future day. If "that paper" (THE LIMITED CONSTITUTIONAL COMPACT BEING CONSIDERED) on the table gets "no alteration", the militia of the future day may not consist of all classes, high and low, and {426} rich and poor; but they may be "confined to the lower and middle classes of the people", granting "exclusion to the higher classes" of the people.

If we should ever see that day, the most ignominious punishments and heavy fines (APP: i.e.  jail and imprisonment for simply being armed - or being armed with equal ARMS with the standing federal US MILITARY) may be expected. Under the present government, all ranks of people are subject to militia duty. Under such a full and equal representation as ours, there can be no ignominious punishment inflicted.

But under this national, or rather consolidated government, the case will be different. The representation being "so small and inadequate", they will have no "FELLOW-FEELING" for the people. They may discriminate people in their own predicament, and exempt from duty all the officers and LOWEST CREATURES OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.  ..."

---------

Mr. JOHN MARSHALL " asked if gentlemen were serious when they asserted that, if the state governments  had power to interfere with the militia, it was by implication. If they were, he asked the committee whether the "least attention" would not show that they were "MISTAKEN".

The state governments "DID NOT" derive their powers from the general (federal) government; but EACH (STATE & LOCAL COUNTY) government derived its powers from the PEOPLE, and each was to act according to the powers given it. Would any gentleman deny this? He demanded if powers not given were retained by implication. Could any man say so? Could any man say that this power was not RETAINED by the states, as they had NOT given it away? For, says he, does not a power remain till it is given away? The state legislatures had power to command and govern their militia before, and have it still, undeniably, unless there be something in this Constitution that takes it away.

"...But the worthy member (Patrick Henry) fears, that in one part of the Union they will be regulated and disciplined, and in another neglected. This danger is enhanced by leaving this power to each state; for some states may attend to their militia, and others may neglect them.

If Congress neglect our (CITIZEN) militia (i.e. "CITIZENS"), "WE" (the States and People) "CAN ARM THEM" "OURSELVES".


>>> CANNOT Virginia "import arms?  >>>Cannot she put them into the hands of  "HER" militia-men?

(APP: i.e. THE CITIZENS OF THE INDEPENDENT STATE "CAN" import arms; and as clearly established above, "without ANY application to Congress / federal government")

(APP: So much for the "MYTH" that the Federal government can "interpose or prevent" military arms from being imported across state lines, by (mis)using the  Commerce Clause)

He then concluded by observing, that the power of governing the militia was NOT vested in the states by implication, because, being "possessed of it" > "antecedent to the adoption of the government, and "not being divested of it" by any grant or restriction in the Constitution, they must necessarily be as "FULLY possessed of it as ever they had been. >And it could NOT be said that the states derived ANY powers from that (the federal government or Constitution) system, "but RETAINED them,

" >>>>>>>>"though not acknowledged in ANY PART OF IT"."

That which is not given, is reserved by the people.

Read the Virginia Ratifying Convention 6-16-1788 in FULL


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"Among the Natural Rights of the Colonists are these First. a Right to Life; Secondly to Liberty; thirdly to Property; together with the Right to support and defend them in the "BEST MANNER THEY CAN"--Those are evident Branches of, rather than deductions from the "DUTY" of Self Preservation, commonly called "THE FIRST LAW OF NATURE"--"...




HUNDREDS OF SHERIFFS STEP FORWARD "NO GUN CONTROL IN OUR COUNTY!"

They understand that it is the Federal Government that is LIMITED to the DELEGATED powers of the ORIGINAL CONSTITUTIONAL COMPACT that created the AUTHORITY to begin with. Much respect to THESE MEN who understand that we are REPUBLIC "S" based upon CERTAIN LAWS (A COMPACT) and RESERVED NATURAL RIGHTS. Not a Total Democracy that can vote away our freedoms. In Wyoming: Jail Time proposed for for Feds!  - Hundreds of Sheriffs tell the Feds "NO GUN CONTROL IN OUR COUNTIES" and to OBEY THE CONSTITUTION!  DESPITE BITTER COLD IN MANY STATES, THE FEBRUARY 8th FIREARMS EVENT AS WITH THE EARLIER APPRECIATE FIREARMS DAY & GUNS ACROSS AMERICA EVENT WAS A BIG SUCCESS!!!  THOUSANDS CONTINUE TO ATTEND EVENTS AND MANY MORE ARE PLANNED THIS YEAR!

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US Military Armed Forces Base Directory:

Army Major Commands, Army Major Commands     AMC ­ U.S. Army Material Command located in Fort Belvior, VA.  The official web site is www.amc.army.mil  AMC is the Army's premier provider of materiel readiness to the total force across the spectrum of joint military operations.  If a soldier shoots it, drives it, flies it, wears it or eats it, AMC provides it.

MTMC ­ U.S. Army Military Traffic Management Command located on Alexandria, VA.  The official website is www.mtmc.army.mil  MTMC is the Department of Defense's heavy-equipment mover for contingency, training and humanitarian operations.

MEDCOM ­ U.S. Army Medical Command located at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.  The official website is www.armymedicine.army.mil  MEDCOM projects and sustains a healthy and medically protected force; trains, equips, and deploys the medical force; and manages and promotes the health of soldiers and military families.

USARPAC ­ U.S. Army Pacific located at Fort Shafter, Hawaii.  The official website is www.usarpac.army.mil  USARPAC provides trained and ready forces in support of military and peacetime operations in the Asia-Pacific area in order to contribute to regional stability, crisis response and decisive victory.

FORSCOM ­ U.S. Army Forces Command located at Fort McPherson, Georgia.  The official website is www.forscom.army.mil  The Army component of U.S. Joint Forces Command, FORSCOM trains, mobilizes, deploys and sustains active and reserve component forces capable of operating in joint and combined environments to meet worldwide operational commitments.

USASOC ­ U.S. Army Special Operations Command located at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.  The official website is www.soc.mil  USASOC organizes, trains, educates, mans, equips, funds, administers, mobilizes, deploys and sustains Army special operations forces to successfully conduct worldwide special operations across the range of military operations, in support of regional combatant commanders, American ambassadors and other agencies, as directed.

USARSO ­ U.S. Army, South located at Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico.  The official website is www.usarso.army.mil  USARSO commands and controls Army forces in the U.S. Southern Command area of responsibility and provides theater support for Army forces and headquarters as directed by the USSSOUTHCOM commander in chief.  USARSO will become a major subordinate command of FORSCOM and move to Fort Sam Houston, Texas, during fiscal year 2003.

TRADOC ­ U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command located at Fort Monroe, Virginia.  The official website is www.tradoc.army.mil  TRADOC shapes the 21st-century Army by training and educating its soldiers and leaders while sustaining the shared vision of how the Army operates as a member of joint service, combined arms and multinational teams.

CID ­ U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command located at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.  The official website is www.cid.army.mil  CID is the Army's criminal investigative organization and conducts investigations in which the Army is or may be a party of interest.  CID provides senior leader protective-services and forensic laboratory support to investigations; maintains the Army's criminal records; provides logistical security from factory to foxhole; conducts computer network intrusion investigations; and develops countermeasures to criminal and subversive activity.

INSCOM ­ U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command located at Fort Belvoir, Virginia.  The official website is www.inscom.army.mil  INSCOM conducts dominant intelligence, security and information operations for commanders and national decision-makers, and provides warfighters with the seamless intelligence needed to understand and dominate the battlefield.

SMDC ­ U.S. Space and Missile Defense Command located in Arlington, Virginia.  The official website is www.smdc.army.mil  SDMC develops and provides space and missile-defense capabilities for the Army and the nation.

EUSA ­ Eight U.S. Army located in Yongsan, Korea.  The official website is http://8tharmy.korea.army.mil  EUSA supports deterrence of North Korean aggression against the Republic of Korea and, should deterrence fail, supports noncombatant-evacuation operations and transitions to hostilities as it generates combat power to support the United Nations Command and Combined Forces Command response.

USAREUR ­ U.S. Army, Europe located at Heidelberg, Germany.  The official website is www.hqusareur.army.mil  As America's Army in Europe, USAREUR is structured and trained as a versatile and agile power-projection force, ready for joint and multinational operations, and committed to providing for the readiness and well being of its soldiers, civilians and families.

USASCE ­ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers located in Washington, D.C.  The official website is www.usace.army.mil  USACE provides quality, responsive engineering services to the Army, Department of Defense and the nation.

MDW ­ U.S. Army Military District of Washington located at Fort McNair, Washington, D.C.  The official website is www.mdw.army.mil  MDW responds to crisis, disaster or security requirements in the National Capital Region; provides base operations support for defense organizations throughout the NCR, including operation of Arlington National Cemetery; and conducts official ceremonies on behalf of the nation's civilian and military leaders.  

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Pacific Command (PACOM)
Current Order of Battle:

Pacific Command
  - U.S. Army Pacific  8th U.S. Army
  - 25th Infantry Division (Light)   - 6th Cavalry Brigade
  - U.S. Army Japan   - 17th Aviation Brigade
  - U.S. Army Alaska   - 164th ATS Group
  - 18th Medical Command
  - 19th Theater Support Command
  - 2nd Infantry Division (Light)

Unit

Type


Base
Barracks
Pacific Command (PACOM)
HQ   Honolulu,HI Camp Smith
      
U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC)
HQ Bat   Honolulu,HI Fort Shafter
45.SuppGr   Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Schofield Bks
68.MedCo (AA)/524.SB UH-60A Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
B.Co/214.Av(M)/524.SB CH-47D Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
      
25th Infantry Division (Light) "Tropic Lightning"
HQ Co   Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Schofield Bks
DivSuppCom   Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Schofield Bks
C.Co/25.Av (AVIM) no helicopter assigned Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
AvBrig   Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Schofield Bks
1.Bat/25.Av (ATK) OH-58D(R) Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
2.Bat/25.Av (AHB)   Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
2.Bat/25.Av/A.Co (AHC) UH-60L Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
2.Bat/25.Av/B.Co (AHC) UH-60L Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
2.Bat/25.Av/C.Co (CMD) UH-60A,EH-60C,OH-58D Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
2.Bat/25.Av/D.Co (AVUM)   Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
3.Sq/4.Cav OH-58D(R) Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Schofield Bks
G.Co/58.Av (ATS)   Wahiawa/Oahu,HI Wheeler AAF
      
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U.S. Army Japan (USARJ)
HQ Co   Sagamihara,Japan Camp Zama
9.TSC   Sagamihara,Japan Camp Zama
78.AvBat (CMD)   Sagamihara,Japan Camp Zama/Kastner AAF
78.AvBat/A.Co C-12F, UH-60A Sagamihara,Japan Camp Zama/Kastner AAF
78.AvBat/D.Co   Sagamihara,Japan Camp Zama/Kastner AAF
      

U.S. Army Alaska (USARAK)
HQ   Anchorage,AK Fort Richardson
ArcticSuppBrig   Anchorage,AK Fort Richardson
4.Bat/123.Av (TA)   Fairbanks,AK Fort Wainwright/Ladd AAF
4.Bat/123.Av/B.Co (MHC) CH-47D Fairbanks,AK Fort Wainwright/Ladd AAF
4.Bat/123.Av/D.Co (AHC) UH-60A Fairbanks,AK Fort Wainwright/Ladd AAF
C.Co/123.Av (AVIM) UH-60A, CH-47D Fairbanks,AK Fort Wainwright/Ladd AAF
68.MedDet (AA) UH-60A Fairbanks,AK Fort Wainwright/Ladd AAF
129.MedDet (AA) UH-1V Anchorage,AK Fort Richardson/Bryant AAF
USAG Fort Greely/AvDet UH-1H Delta Junction,AK Fort Greely/Allen AAF
      
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8th U.S. Army (EUSA)
HQ   Yongsan,RoK Yongsan Main Post 1
6.CavBrig (Air)   Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
1.Sq/6.Cav (ATK) AH-64A Hoengsong,RoK Camp Eagle
3.Sq/6.Cav (ATK) AH-64D Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
       
17.AvBrig (TA)   Yongsan,RoK Yongsan Main Post 1
1.Bat/52.Av (CMD)   Songnam,RoK Seoul AB
1.Bat/52.Av/A.Co (CS) UH-60A Songnam,RoK Seoul AB
1.Bat/52.Av/B.Co (CS) UH-60A Songnam,RoK Seoul AB
1.Bat/52.Av/C.Co (CS) UH-60A Songnam,RoK Seoul AB
1.Bat/52.Av/D.Co (AVUM)   Songnam,RoK Seoul AB
2.Bat/52.Av (MHB)   Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
2.Bat/52.Av/A.Co (M) CH-47D Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
2.Bat/52.Av/B.Co (M) CH-47D Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
6.Bat/52.Av/A.Co (TA) C-12F Songnam,RoK Seoul AB
      
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164.ATSGr (ATS)   Yongsan,RoK Yongsan Main Post 2
B.Co/58.Av (ATS)   Uijongbu,RoK Camp Red Cloud
B.Co/58.Av/1.Pl (ATS)   Chunchon,RoK Camp Page
B.Co/58.Av/Tower (ATS)   Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
B.Co/58.Av/Tower (ATS)   Taegu,RoK Camp Walker
B.Co/58.Av/Radar (ATS)   Suwon,RoK Madison RadioSite
D.Co/58.Av (ATS)   Yongsan,RoK Yongsan Main Post 2
D.Co/58.Av/2.Pl (ATS)   Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
D.Co/58.Av/Tower (ATS)   Uijongbu,RoK Camp Stanley/Cochran AAF
D.Co/58.Av/Tower (ATS)   Tongduchon-Ni,RoK Camp Casey
D.Co/58.Av/Tower (ATS)   Uijongbu,RoK Camp LaGuardia
18.MedCom   Yongsan,RoK Yongsan South Post 1
52.MedBat (Evac)   Yongsan,RoK Yongsan South Post 1
377.MedCo (AA) UH-60A Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
377.MedCo/Det.1 (AA) UH-60A Taegu,RoK Camp Walker
542.MedCo (AA) UH-60A Chunchon,RoK Camp Page
542.MedCo/Det.1 (AA) UH-60A  Tongduchon-Ni,RoK Camp Casey
19.TSC   Taegu,RoK Camp Henry
C.Co/52.Av (AVIM) UH-60A  Pyongtaek,RoK Camp Humphreys/Desiderio AAF
G.Co/52.Av (AVIM) UH-60A Hoengsong,RoK Camp Eagle
      
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2nd Infantry Division (Light) "Warriors"
HQ Co   Uijongbu,RoK Camp Red Cloud
DivSuppCom   Tongduchon-Ni,RoK Camp Casey
C.Co/2.Av (AVIM) no helicopter assigned Uijongbu,RoK Camp Stanley/Cochran AAF
2.AvBrig   Uijongbu,RoK Camp Stanley/Cochran AAF
1.Bat/2.Av (ATK) AH-64D Chunchon,RoK Camp Page
2.Bat/2.Av (AHB)   Uijongbu,RoK Camp Stanley/Cochran AAF
2.Bat/2.Av/A.Co (AHC) UH-60L Uijongbu,RoK Camp Stanley/Cochran AAF
2.Bat/2.Av/B.Co (AHC) UH-60L Uijongbu,RoK Camp Stanley/Cochran AAF
2.Bat/2.Av/C.Co (CMD) UH-60A,EH-60C,OH-58D Uijongbu,RoK Camp Stanley/Cochran AAF
2.Bat/2.Av/D.Co (AVUM)   Uijongbu,RoK Camp Stanley/Cochran AAF
4.Sq/7.Cav   Munsan,RoK Camp Garry Owen
4.Sq/7.Cav/D.Trp (ACT) OH-58D Tonggo-Ri,RoK Camp Stanton
4.Sq/7.Cav/E.Trp (ACT) OH-58D Tonggo-Ri,RoK Camp Stanton
4.Sq/7.Cav/F.Trp (AVUM)   Tonggo-Ri,RoK Camp Stanton
      
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AA = Air Ambulance
AAF = Army Airfield

ACT = Air Cavalry Troop
AE = Aerial Exploitation
AHC = Assault helicopter company
ATK = Attack
ATS = Air traffic service
AvSuppBat =  Aviation support battalion
AVUM =  Aviation unit maintenance
AVIM =  Aviation intermediate maintenance
Bks =  Barracks
CAC = Command and control
CMD = Command
Evac = Evacuation
GSAB = General support aviation battalion
M = Medium helicopter
MI = Military intelligence
RC = Reserve component
SAC = Support aviation company 


United States Army Pacific Command (USARPAC).
The U. S. Army, Pacific serves as the Army Component Command to the Commander in Chief U. S. Pacific Command (USCINCPAC), less the geographic area of Korea. USARPAC commands active U. S. Army and U. S. Army Reserve forces in Alaska, Hawaii, Japan, and in possessions and trust territories administered by the United States in US Pacific command.

In October 2000, USARPAC became a Multi-Component Unit (MCU) and Army Service Component Command (ASCC) as part of the US Army transformation to meet the emerging security needs of the United States in which USARPAC continues to be a key strategic player. The whole idea of the multi-component unit is to give active army units additional resources to accomplish the mission. The multi-component integration is important in the overall picture of the Army's success going into the 21st century. With the Reserve and National Guard assuming a more active role in total Army operations and the "One Team, One Fight, One Future" concept, multi-component integration provides for a better understanding of each component's role in achieving victory.

USARPAC trains Army Forces for support of military operations and peacetime engagements in order to contribute to decisive victory and promote regional stability. USARPAC solicits, awards, and administers contracts in support of mission-related requirements, including administrative supplies and services, waste disposal, food services, minor construction, facilities, maintenance and repair, grounds maintenance, ADP equipment and services, and laundry services.

Following World War II, numerous Army headquarters in the central Pacific were consolidated with the goal of forming a single Army command based in Hawaii. In 1957, the U.S. Army, Pacific (USARPAC) was established at Fort Shafter, following inactivation of the Far East Command. As Army component of the unified command led by the U.S. Commander in Chief Pacific, USARPAC was assigned a threefold mission: Provide necessary ground Army combat forces; Support those forces administratively and logistically; and Provide reserves and contingency plans to meet any ground threat to United States interests in the Pacific.

On March 23, 1979, The Department of the Army announced the establishment of the U.S. Army Western Command (WESTCOM). Then, a decade later, U.S. Army forces in the Pacific were further consolidated. Army units in Alaska and in Japan were placed under the command of the Fort Shafter headquarters, which was once again designated U.S. Army, Pacific. The new command was formally reestablished on August 30, 1990.

In the years since the end of the Vietnam War, Army forces in the Pacific have participated in major peacekeeping operations in the Sinai Desert, and have provided humanitarian and disaster relief missions in Bangladesh, the Philippines, Guam, and the island of Kauai.

Although fully trained for warfare, USARPAC soldiers are also skilled in conducting operations other than war. Whether it is assuring order among refugees at Guantanamo, providing flood relief in the deltas of South Asia, or maintaining a cease fire in the Middle East, USARPAC personnel operate far and wide in peacekeeping and humanitarian missions. In late 1994, fully one half of the 25th Infantry Division deployed to Haiti as the United States and other governments worked to restore democracy to that unfortunate nation. Two years later, USARPAC peacekeepers went to Bosnia to help restore hope to that warshattered land. 

Joint Rear Area Coordination (JRAC)

The United States Army Pacific (USARPAC), in partnership with local, state and federal authorities, have developed a plan of preparedness for the state of Hawaii. The Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Command, has identified the USARPAC as the executive agent for joint rear area coordination (JRAC). This task is normally accomplished in a wartime theater of operation, but in this case, it is being accomplished for the state of Hawaii. Teaming with local and state civil organizations and federal agencies, JRAC-Hawaii (HI) has accomplished a significant amount in the short time since Sept. 11.

JRAC-HI is protecting its military installations by reducing and restricting entry points using roving patrols. Guard duties have completely changed. Guards must now understand the changing dynamics of a more dangerous world, and must learn to expect the unexpected. Military installations worldwide are now on the front lines and are the subject of surveillance and probes more than ever before. Guards must be more alert to activities both on and off the installations, and they must constantly vary security procedure patterns to eliminate predictability. They must also be linked to local law enforcement and must be the beneficiaries � and target audience � of a regular joint and interagency intelligence summary. Because of these changing conditions, JRAC-HI reinstituted more formalized guard mounts and instructions � tailored to the current operational environment.


JRAC-HI has identified mission essential or vulnerable areas (MEVAs) both on and off the installations. MEVAs are facilities and capabilities essential to accomplishing the military mission. These MEVAs have been thoroughly assessed and security needs addressed. Tailored after general defense plan (GDP) battle books from the Cold War in Europe, MEVA folders detail every aspect relevant to the defense of these critical sites. Local civil authorities have done the same with over 150 of their own MEVAs and both the civil and military authorities regularly conduct site surveys.

JRAC-HI has fine-tuned  procedures for providing military support to civil authorities (MSCA) in the event of a natural or man-made disaster. As the executive agent for MSCA in Hawaii, American Samoa, and neighboring islands, JRAC-HI provides a defense-coordinating officer to coordinate military support of civilian consequence management operations. Even before Sept. 11, JRAC-HI maintained a close relationship with local and state government leaders, who can leverage many standing MSCA concepts and plans as the JRAC operation comes together. JRAC-HI's participation in steering committees and plenary groups, such as the Hawaii Emergency Preparedness Executive Committee, the Hawaii Energy Council and the Joint Armed Services/State of Hawaii Civil Defense Coordinating Committee, is instrumental in sharing information and developing joint and civil-military solutions to emerging challenges.

JRAC-HI has established quick reaction forces (QRFs) drawn from both U.S. Marine Corps and Army units. These QRFs are capable of moving on short notice by air or road to any place in the state to provide additional security or to assist in any other way. While awaiting adjudication at the national level on the procedures for employing those forces in domestic situations, JRAC-HI is regularly conducting joint training with civil authorities.

JRAC-HI has worked to identify seams in its collective efforts to secure Hawaii's soil and people. This coordination is taking place with all the military services in Hawaii, state and local civil defense (CD), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), National Guard (NG), Honolulu Police Department (HPD), fire departments, and a host of other local and federal government agencies such as the state health and transportation departments. Also included in this effort are the FBI, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), U.S. Customs Service (USCS) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), as well as selected private firms and enterprises involved in supporting Hawaii's critical infrastructure. The Joint Interagency Planning Group, established by USARPAC within days of the attacks, has been the principal driver behind this effort.




"If ever time should come, When vain and aspiring men shall possess the highest seats in government, Our Country will stand in need of it's experienced Patriots to prevent it's ruin"  ...Samuel Adams
 

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